Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Experiments Lab Reports

Objectives

·       In order to investigate how energy varies during chemical reactions.

·       Identify exothermic and endothermic processes differently.

 

                                       

     

Introduction

In layman's words, endothermic processes take up heat-based energy from their environment. An exothermic reaction, on the other hand, discharges energy into the system's surroundings.

Photosynthesis is a well-known illustration of an endothermic chemical process. Plants use this mechanism to transform sunlight into carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The chemical reaction between sodium and chlorine, which results in a brilliant yellow light and a significant quantity of heat energy, is an illustration of an exothermic reaction.

 

 

Theory

Something new is created when vinegar and baking soda are combined. Carbon dioxide gas soon foams up in the mixture. All of the baking soda may be made to react and dissolve into the vinegar solution if enough vinegar is utilized.

The reaction is: Sodium acetate, carbon dioxide, and acetic acid react with sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid.

NaHCO₃ + CH₃COOH à CO₂ + H₂O + Na CH₃COO

 

 

Materials and Equipment

 

1.     White vinegar.

2.      baking soda.                                                            

3.     Water.

4.     sodium hydroxide.

5.      beakers 250 ml.

6.     Thermometer.

 

Procedure

At the beginning of the experiment, we measured the normal water temperature using the Fahrenheit scale. We put the scale into the water beaker and wait for 1 minute and got the temperature to 75 F. After that, we added sodium hydroxide to the water. Again, we put the thermometer scale into the beaker, and we got a temperature of about 108 F. Finally, we recognized that this is an Exothermic reaction.

 

In another beaker, we put white vinegar and then measure the temperature. First, we put a thermometer scale into the beaker and wait for 1 minute. We got the temperature of 70 F. After the measurement of temperature, we put sodium bicarbonate into the white vinegar, and we saw a lot of bubbles up. After that, we again measure the temperature using the thermometer and we got 62 F. As a result, we recognized that this is an Endothermic reaction.

 

 

 

Results and analysis

Sodium hydroxide + water Reaction

The Initial temperature (T₁) =75 F

                                    C=F-32/1.8

                                    C=75-32/1.8

                                    C=21.1 C

The Final Temperature (T_f)= 108 F

                                    C=F-32/1.8

                                    C=108-32/1.8

                                    C=42.2

           

           

This is an exothermic reaction because this reaction releases the temperature to nature.

 

 

 

Sodium bicarbonate + White Vinegar Reaction

The Initial temperature (T₁)=75 F

                                    C=F-32/1.8

                                    C=75-32/1.8

                                    C=21.1 C

The Final Temperature (T_f)= 62 F

                                    C=F-32/1.8

                                    C=62-32/1.8

                                    C=16.6 C

           

           

This is an endothermic reaction because this reaction absorbs temperature from nature.

 

                                               

 

Conclusion

From the experiments, we learn about exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions. Now we know the differences in chemical reactions. Some chemical reactions happen by releasing heat into nature and some chemical reactions happen by absorbing heat from nature.